Law and Society in the Artificial Intelligence Era: Socio-Legal Challenges in Muslim Countries and Youth Populations

Abstract

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into everyday life introduces significant socio-legal challenges, particularly in Muslim-majority societies and among youth. This paper critically examines the intersections of AI, Islamic jurisprudence, and socio-legal structures, addressing key themes of privacy, algorithmic bias, liability, and youth vulnerability. Drawing from Islamic ethical principles, especially maqāṣid al-sharīʿa (objectives of Sharia) and tawḥīd (unity), the analysis foregrounds the tensions between Western-centric AI norms and culturally embedded frameworks of justice. The study demonstrates that surveillance technology may clash with Qurʾānic injunctions on privacy, and unchecked algorithms can undermine the Islamic commitment to justice. Moreover, it highlights the disproportionate risks Muslim youth face from deepfakes, misinformation, and mental health pressures. Adopting a socio-legal methodology, this paper incorporates leading journal literature and contemporary reports, situating AI governance debates within pluralistic and contextual paradigms. The conclusion advocates for human-centered, Sharia-compliant governance, interdisciplinary collaboration, and youth-inclusive reform, arguing that adaptive regulations grounded in Islamic ethics and global human rights are vital for ensuring justice and dignity in Muslim societies.